Ada dua bentuk “voice” dalam bahasa Inggris, active voice dan passive voice. Active voice menunjukkan apa yang dilakukan oleh subjek, contoh:
- The secretary wrote a letter (Sekretaris menulis sebuah surat)
- The letter was written by the secretary (Surat ditulis oleh sekreatir)
Kalimat pasif dibuat dengan kata kerja “to be” dan kata kerja bentuk ke-3. Berikut beberapa tenses bahasa Inggris utama yang digunakan dalam passive voice.
Tenses
Simple present:
Present continuous:
Simple past:
Past continuous:
Present perfect:
Past perfect:
Future:
Future continuous:
Present conditional:
Past conditional: |
Subject
Flowers
Flowers
Flowers
Flowers
Flowers
Flowers
Flowers
Flowers
Flowers
Flowers |
Verb “to be”
are
are being
were
were being
have been
had been
will be
will be being
would be
would have been |
Verb III
planted every year
planted now.
planted last year
planted last summer.
planted here for 10 years.
planted until last year.
planted next year.
planted during the summer.
planted if we had seeds.
planted if we had had seeds. |
Untuk menyatakan apa penyebab sebuah tindakan pasif, kita bisa menggunakan by. Contoh:
- This photo was taken by my friend.
- I was given this by my brother.
- The meeting was cancelled (pertemuan itu dibatalkan). (Informasi penting yang ingin disampaikan adalah pembatalan pertemuan, bukan siapa yang membatalkannya.)
- These boots were made in Italy (sepatu-sepatu boot ini dibuat di Italia). (Informasi yang penting dalam kalimat ini adalah bahwa sepatu-sepatu tersebut dibuat di Italia, bukan siapa yang membuatnya).
Ketika berbicara tentang kelahiran orang tertentu atau suatu peristiwa, kita menggunakan bentuk pasif “to be born”. Contoh:
- I was born in Iran.
- The twins were born just last year.
Get bisa digunakan menggantikan to be pada situasi dimana sesuatu terjadi. Contoh:
- Our flight got cancelled = Our flight was cancelled.
- I got paid today = I was paid today.
Get tidak bisa digunakan pada situasi-situasi umum dan apabila bersama dengan kata kerja yang menyatakan keadaan (bukan tindakan). Contoh:
- He is liked by a lot of people. - Benar
- He gets liked by a lot of people. - Tidak benar
- She is known to be a hard-working employee. - Benar
- She gets known to be a hard-working employee.- Tidak benar
Get digunakan lebih sering dalam bahasa Inggris informal.
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Rujukan:
http://www.1-language.com/englishcourse/unit58_grammar.htm
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